Running Disk Cleanup regularly in Windows is an important part of keeping your system running smooth. Here’s how to create a Scheduled Task to run this maintenance utility automatically. Get help and support for Windows —Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 7, and Windows 10 Mobile.
-->The Task Scheduler enables you to automatically perform routine tasks on a chosen computer. The Task Scheduler does this by monitoring whatever criteria you choose to initiate the tasks (referred to as triggers) and then executing the tasks when the criteria is met.
The Task Scheduler can be used to execute tasks such as starting an application, sending an email message, or showing a message box. Tasks can be scheduled to execute:
The Task Scheduler provides APIs for the following developers:
The Task Scheduler requires the following operating systems.
Topic | Description |
---|---|
What's New in Task Scheduler | Summary of new functionality introduced by the Task Scheduler. |
About the Task Scheduler | General conceptual information about the Task Scheduler API. |
Using the Task Scheduler | Code examples that show how to use the Task Scheduler APIs. |
Task Scheduler Reference | Detailed reference information for Task Scheduler APIs and the Task Scheduler schema. |
Management console for Task Scheduler 2.0 in Windows 7 | |
Other names | taskschd.msc |
---|---|
Developer(s) | Microsoft |
Operating system | Microsoft Windows |
Replaces | System Agent |
Service name | Task Scheduler (Schedule ) |
Type | Windows service |
Website | www.microsoft.com |
Task Scheduler is a component of Microsoft Windows that provides the ability to schedule the launch of programs or scripts at pre-defined times or after specified time intervals: job scheduling (task scheduling). It was first introduced in the Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95 as System Agent[1] but was renamed to Task Scheduler in Internet Explorer 4.0 and Windows 98. The Windows Event Log service must be running before the Task Scheduler starts up.
This service should not be confused with the scheduler that allocates CPU resources to processes already in memory.
Task Scheduler 1.0 is included with Windows NT 4.0 (with Internet Explorer 4.0 or later), Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003.[2] It runs as a Windows Service, and the task definitions and schedules are stored in binary.job
files. Tasks are manipulated directly by manipulating the .job
files. Each task corresponds to single action. On Windows 95 (with Internet Explorer 4.0 or later), Windows 98 and Windows Me, the Task Scheduler runs as an ordinary program, mstask.exe
. It also displays a status icon in the notification area on Windows 95 and Windows 98 and runs as a hidden service on Windows Me, but can be made to show a tray icon.[3] Computer programs and scripts can access the service through six COMinterfaces.[4] Microsoft provides a scheduling agent DLL, a sample VBScript and a configuration file to automate Task Scheduler.[5]
In addition to the graphical user interface for Task Scheduler in Control Panel, Windows provides two command-line tools for managing scheduled task: at.exe
(deprecated) and schtasks.exe
.[6][7] However, at.exe
cannot access tasks created or modified by Control Panel or schtasks.exe
.[8] Also, tasks created with at.exe
are not interactive by default; interactivity needs to be explicitly requested. The binary '.job' files which the AT command produces are stored in the %WINDIR%Tasks directory.[9]
Task Scheduler 2.0 was introduced with Windows Vista and included in Windows Server 2008 as well.[2] The redesigned Task Scheduler user interface is now based on Management Console. In addition to running tasks on scheduled times or specified intervals, Task Scheduler 2.0 also supports calendar and event-based triggers, such as starting a task when a particular event is logged to the event log, or when a combination of events has occurred. Also, several tasks that are triggered by the same event can be configured to run either simultaneously or in a pre-determined chained sequence of a series of actions, instead of having to create multiple scheduled tasks. Tasks can also be configured to run based on system status such as being idle for a pre-configured amount of time, on startup, logoff, or only during or for a specified time. XPath expressions can be used to filter events from the Windows Event Log. Tasks can also be delayed for a specified time after the triggering event has occurred, or repeat until some other event occurs. Actions that need to be done if a task fails can also be configured. The actions that can be taken in response to triggers, both event-based as well as time-based, not only include launching applications but also take a number of custom actions. Task Scheduler includes a number of actions built-in, spanning a number of applications; including send an e-mail, show a message box, or fire a COM handler when it is triggered. Custom actions can also be specified using the Task Scheduler API. Task Scheduler keeps a history log of all execution details of all the tasks.[10] Windows Vista uses Task Scheduler 2.0 to run various system-level tasks;[11] consequently, the Task Scheduler service can no longer be disabled (except with a simple registry tweak).
Task Scheduler 2.0 exposes an API to allow computer programs and scripts create tasks.[12] It consists of 42 COMinterfaces.[13] The Windows API does not, however, include a managed wrapper for Task Scheduler though an open source implementation exists [14]. The job files for Task Scheduler 2.0 are XML-based, and are human-readable, conforming to the Task Scheduler Schema.[12]
The Task Scheduler service works by managing Tasks; Task refers to the action (or actions) taken in response to trigger(s). A task is defined by associating a set of actions, which can include launching an application or taking some custom-defined action, to a set of triggers, which can either be time-based or event-based. In addition, a task also can contain metadata that defines how the actions will be executed, such as the security context the task will run in. Tasks are serialized to .job
files and are stored in the special folder titled Task Folder, organized in subdirectories. Programmatically, the task folder is accessed using the ITaskFolder
interface or the TaskFolder
scripting object and individual tasks using the IRegisteredTask
interface or RegisteredTask
object.[15]
The Last Result column displays a completion code. The common codes for scheduled tasks are:[16][17]
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On Windows 2000 and Windows XP, tasks assigned to run with SYSTEM privileges do not function when the computer is prepared for disk imaging with sysprep
. Sysprep changes the security identifier (SID) to avoid duplication but does not update scheduled tasks to use the new SID. Consequently, all SYSTEM scheduled tasks fail to run on the imaged computers. There is no solution for this problem but one may reschedule the tasks to work around the issue.[18]
On Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008, where Service Pack 2 is not installed, the next execution time displayed in Task Scheduler may be wrong.[19]
On Windows Vista, 7, 2008, and 2008 R2: The MMC Component says that you are running 'Task Scheduler 1.0' when in fact you are running 2.0, this is a trivial bug so it wasn't noticed, and is likely due to the re-write of the task scheduler. The version has been corrected to 2.0 in Windows 8 and in 2012.